Anjar
Rahmannita
4SA05
(10611938)
Pembelajaran
Bahasa Inggris Berbantuan Komputer (Softskill)
THE
ANALYSIS OF –ING FORMS
I
Try to find out and analize about the –ing form as Verb, Noun, or Adjective form in this article.
The Relation
between Education and Social Opportunity
Since
the time of the Enlightenment, education has been viewed as carrying the
potential to lessen inequality and expand the economic and social opportunities
available to citizens. Much controversy surrounds the question of the degree to
which that potential has been and is today being realized.
The
Spencer Foundation seeks to shed light on the role education plays in reducing economic and social
inequalities -- as well as, sometimes, reinforcing
them -- and to find ways to more fully realize education's potential to
promote more equal opportunity. Expanded opportunity is important not only to a
society's economic well being but to the character of its civic, cultural and
social life as well.
It
is important to recognize that these educational investments don't occur in a
vacuum. Larger social structures -- law and government, markets and property
rights, practices and patterns of racial and gender inequality, and others --
provide a framework that conditions education's effects. Deep inequalities in
family circumstances and social environments pose serious challenges to the
attainment of equal educational opportunity. And even for persons with good
educational opportunity, a variety of other factors in family and community
life influence their prospects. While these observations should not be used to
excuse schools from doing their utmost to improve the prospects of students
from disadvantaged backgrounds, we need to understand better how larger social
structures and the contexts in which schooling
occurs (including family
circumstances, health and nutrition, public safety, housing, transportation, libraries, and so on) influence the
ability of schools to shape educational and social outcomes.
Education
enriches and expands people's lives in many ways, including through their employment opportunities, their civic and
political involvements and the quality of their personal lives. Our interests
therefore extend to studies that examine the ways in which differences in
educational experiences (including
quality and character of schooling
as well as number of years in school) translate into differences in
employment, earnings, and civic and
social outcomes. Such work can help us identify ways to change schooling investments and outcomes in the interests of a
more just and prosperous society.
HOW SERIOUS IS
INDONESIA IN PROMOTING IT’S CULTURE LITERATURE
At
the Frankfurt Book Fair 2015, Indonesia will be the event’s guest of honor, offering the nation a chance to show
the world that it has tremendous wealth of culture and literature.
The
event will be the first time that Indonesia will be so honored.
In
previous iterations of the fair, Indonesia has been represented by the
Indonesian Publishers Association (IKAPI) or individual publishing houses.
Deputy
Education and Culture Minister Wiendu Nuryanti said that officials were taking the
time needed to make sure that the government was ready.
“We
must understand that the book fair has a wide constellation [in the industry],
so we’d like to treat Frankfurt Book Fair as a promotion place for Indonesia.
We also think that we can develop some ideas, like gaining some ground for
creating a translation center in Indonesia,” Wiendu said during a recent
seminar titled On the Road to Frankfurt: How Translation Travels held by Kompas
Gramedia.
“We
have our own great authors and we need momentum to promote them and their
powerful literary works — and the Frankfurt Book Fair is the perfect
international stage for Indonesia,” she added.
Officials
plan to display 2,000 books at a dedicated Indonesian booth at Frankfurt,
Wiendu said. About 150 of the titles would be translated into English or
German.
“Our
translation team is doing its best to finish half of the target number by end
of the year. If everything goes well, we will have translated all 150 titles by
next year,” she said, adding that
the government has allocated US$1 million for the project.
So far, Wiendu has
received 530 titles to be brought to Frankfurt. “We’re welcoming more titles from the public, especially the ones
that explore local culture with universal values.”
Also
speaking at the seminar, Gramedia
managing director Wandi S. Brata said that his company would display another
100 titles of Indonesian literary works in foreign languages during Frankfurt.
“It’s
great that now the government is willing
to facilitate us at the book fair. I think it’s a brave step from the
government, which hopefully will have a good impact — on Indonesia in general,
and on local publishers in particular,” Wandi told The Jakarta Post.
Wandi
said that publishers and the IKAPI worked independently at international book
fairs in previous years. “We used to only focus on buying rights [of
international titles]. This time, Gramedia alone, for example, will be trying our best to sell some
rights of local titles to international market, especially Germany.
“So
far, we’ve translated 61 titles — there are about 40 to go. We’re optimistic that every title will be ready by next year.”
Even
so, Wandi is realistic. “Most publishers overseas still look down on Indonesian
books. Only books from great and famous authors, like Pramoedya Ananta Toer,
get their attention.”
Surprisingly,
books about Indonesian Islamic fashion have come to international
consideration, especially in Middle East countries such as Turkey, and from
Malaysia, said Wandi. “It seems that our all-covered fashion has become a
trend.”
Wandi
said that Indonesian publishing
industry was still “colonized”, meaning
that most of books on sale were from overseas. “Foreign titles in fiction and
non-fiction are still favorites. Although, in metropop, there’s been a
significant shift. Indonesian metropop is a favorite now,” he said of women’s
popular literature.
Nung
Atasana of Borobudur Literary Agency says that different countries have readers
with different interests.
Malaysians,
for example, are interested in Indonesian books about Islam, Islamic fashion,
fashion, Islamic novels, Chinese philosophy, recipes, handicrafts,
agro-business, interior design, parenting,
education, motivation, health, computer, literary works and children’s books.
“Brunei
Darussalam looks for literary works; the Philippines looks for
English[-language] children’s books; Vietnam looks for on education, children’s
books and references; Thailand looks for children’s books; the Indonesian community
overseas is interested in rare books and local content; while Japan is up for literary works,” said Nung, a former editor
of Gramedia Pustaka Utama publishing and former international marketer for
Gramedia Publishers.
There
was also interest from publishers in other nations: illustrated children’s
books for South Korea, classic and contemporary literature in the United Arab
Emirates, Islamic writings for Saudi Arabia, cookbooks and literature in the
Netherlands and reference and literary books in the US.
“From
my observation, it means that most of those countries are looking for children’s books, especially with hand
illustrations instead of computer-generated ones,” said Nung.
Meanwhile,
Kate Griffin, the international program director for British Center for
Literary Translation, said that most foreign publishers look for books that
would fit their lists, tastes and aesthetics; as for works with stories they
think their readers would read.
“In
the UK, we are generally not as adventurous and open to other literary styles
as other European countries. Crime fiction in translation is popular, as is
straightforward storytelling, but not so much literary experiments.
“This
means that UK publishers are often quite cautious in what they choose to translate,
selecting titles that don’t stray too far from the taste of UK readers and
familiar literary styles. They might focus on genres such as crime, or big
family sagas, to be sure that there is an audience,” she said.
Author
Laksmi Pamuntjak has had her novel Amba translated into English under the title
The Question of Red. The book, published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama in
Indonesia, will be available in bookstores after April 1.
Laksmi
has sold the German rights of the novel to Ullstein Verlag, which will publish
it in German by fall 2015. Ullstein Verlag is a respected German publishing
company that has published the works of George Orwell, Ha Jin, Margaret Atwood,
Nobel Prize winner Knut Hamsun, Richard Dawkins and J.K. Rowling.
“I
can only hope [the German distribution] will further open doors to the
international market,” said Laksmi.
Looking at Frankfurt,
Laksmi said that Indonesia could use the fair to curate the nation’s literature
to determine which works should be presented to the world and display the sheer
breadth of the country’s cultural voices.
“The
government should take this seriously, however, for a moment of this scale
calls for resources and a great amount of faith and national pride in what
Indonesian authors have achieved. Look at
South Korea and how committed its government is in subsidizing and promoting its writers and artists and works in
translations,” she said.
Taking the stage in
the Frankfurt Book Fair isn’t so much about whether Indonesian literature is
good enough, said Laksmi. “It is, rather, about whether the world is interested
in what we have to say in the first place.”
Source
: http://www.spencer.org/content.cfm/education-and-social-opportunity
The Jakarta Post Article
The
–ing form as Verb, Adjective ,and Noun
Ø In paragraph two,
from the article The Relation between Education and Social Opportunity
The Spencer Foundation seeks to shed light on the
role education plays in reducing economic
and social inequalities -- as well as, sometimes, reinforcing them -- and to find ways to more fully realize
education's potential to promote more equal opportunity. Expanded opportunity
is important not only to a society's economic
well being but to the character of its civic, cultural and social life as
well.
The –ing form ‘reducing’ here is as a verb. Although
there is preposition ‘in’ it does not mean that reducing in this sentence as a
gerund or a noun. A gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun. Gerund is
used in the same ways as a noun, for example,
as a subject or an object of the sentence.
Analysis
The –ing form ‘reinforcing’ in this sentence also
funtion as a verb. Although ‘Them’ in this sentence funtion as a pronoun. This
is does not change the ‘reinforcing’ as a noun or gerund.
.
Ø In the article
How serious is Indonesia in promoting it’s culture, literature?
Analysis
The
–ing form ‘like gaining’, ‘for creating’,
‘in subsidizing’, ‘are looking’ in this article is funtion as noun and also
called as gerund, ‘gaining’ in this sentence act as verb and ‘like’ as a
preposition. We called it gerund because as we know that gerund is a word that
form from verb with suffix –ing and act as a noun.
The –ing form
‘willing’ in the sentence above is a form from adjective. However there is ‘is’
before ‘willing’ it does not change the form from adjective. Also it is the
same as ‘be trying’ which form as adjective.
